Using Post-Emergence Herbicides in Combination with the Sowing Date to Suppress Sinapis arvensis and Silybum marianum in Durum Wheat

Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) are two competitive broad-leaved weeds commonly found in cereals Europe, while several weed species have developed resistance to the main herbicides that applied on these crops. Thus, implementation of integrated management (IWM) programs is great importance. Field experiments were conducted based a split-plot design with factors (sowing date herbicides). Our results showed density wild was higher early sowing compared late sowing, total up 75% sowing. Moreover, florasulam + 2.4-D bromoxynil exhibited high efficacy (>98%) against mustard, tribenuron-methyl clopyralid provided greater Among four herbicides, lowest dry biomass grain yield wheat observed clopyralid, weed-infested treatment, highest values both parameters recorded Finally, cultural control method should be implemented IWM programs, since it can affect herbicide efficacy.